For those who have the authorship of the manuscript

Within the framework of legal science and research, authors of an original study must present an accurate description of the work conducted and its results, followed by an objective discussion of its significance. The research should include sufficient detail and references to allow replication, where applicable. Review articles must be precise, objective, and comprehensive, while opinion or editorial perspective pieces must be clearly identified as such. False or misleading statements constitute unethical and unacceptable conduct.

Authors may be required to provide the raw data of their research, either for editorial review or for public access. In any case, they must ensure that such data remain accessible to competent professionals for at least ten years after publication, provided that participants’ confidentiality and related legal rights are protected.

Authors must ensure that they have written and submitted entirely original work, have properly cited all sources used, and have acknowledged publications that influenced the study’s scope or approach. Plagiarism—in any form, such as presenting another’s work as one’s own, copying or paraphrasing substantial parts without attribution, or claiming results from others—is an unethical and unacceptable practice.

Authors must also properly acknowledge information obtained privately (through conversation, correspondence, or discussion), which cannot be used or reported without the explicit written consent of the source. Information acquired during confidential processes, such as manuscript review or grant evaluation, must not be used without written authorization from the rights holders.

Works describing essentially the same research should not be published in more than one primary journal or publication. Accordingly, a manuscript previously published elsewhere must not be submitted for consideration. Submitting the same manuscript simultaneously to more than one journal constitutes unethical and unacceptable behavior. Exceptionally, secondary publication (e.g., translations or protocols) may be justified, provided that all involved authors and editors agree, the content remains faithful to the original, and the primary source is cited.

Only individuals meeting the authorship criteria should be listed as authors, as they must be able to assume public responsibility for the content. The criteria are:

a) Significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, data acquisition, or analysis and interpretation of the study.

b) Drafting or critically revising the manuscript with substantial intellectual input.

c) Approval of the final version and agreement to its submission for publication.

Contributors who do not meet these criteria (e.g., technical assistance, writing, editing, or general support) should be acknowledged in the acknowledgments section with written consent. The corresponding author must ensure that all co-authors have reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript.

At the earliest possible stage, authors must declare any potential conflicts of interest that could influence the results or interpretation of their research—whether financial (fees, grants, consultancies, share ownership, etc.) or non-financial (personal or professional relationships, affiliations, or beliefs related to the topic). All sources of financial support must also be disclosed.

If the research involves human participants or animals, authors must ensure compliance with all relevant ethical standards. The manuscript must include a statement confirming this compliance and the obtaining of informed consent. Participants’ privacy rights must always be respected.

Authors are obliged to participate actively in the peer review process and cooperate fully by responding promptly and thoroughly to editorial requests. In the event of corrections or revisions, authors must address reviewers’ comments point by point and resubmit the manuscript within the specified deadlines.

When authors discover significant errors or inaccuracies in their published work, they must promptly notify the editors and cooperate to issue an erratum or retraction. If editors learn of an issue from third parties, it remains the authors’ responsibility to clarify or correct the publication promptly.

The Universidad Católica Boliviana “San Pablo” assumes no responsibility for the opinions, comments, or content expressed in the published articles, which are the sole responsibility of their authors.