Authorship and Accountability

Authors bear sole responsibility for the content, data, methodological rigor, and views expressed in their manuscripts, which do not necessarily reflect the official stance of the UCB, the Institute for Democracy, the Editorial Team, or the journal.

Submissions must be original and unpublished, in whole or in part, and cannot be under review elsewhere, except under the conditions specified in Exceptions to the Originality and Prior Publication Requirement. All manuscripts are screened for similarity and plagiarism using specialized software.

Authors must clearly state their current institutional affiliation, including position, department, and institution; those without an active affiliation must explicitly declare as independent researchers. Additionally, providing an ORCID iD is mandatory and can be registered for free at https://orcid.org.